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BUILD
LOTTO
Do you have trouble filling out your Lotto or
Pools coupons every week? Unless you 're a
New Age freak, you need a device to select
the numbers in a completely random way.
Our new Lotto Selector does it properly and
will play the new Lotto 44 format.
Design by MALCOLM YOUNG
Do you try your luck every week?
If you do, you'll probably want to
try a completely different combination of numbers every time rather
than sticking with a few tired old
combinations that probably never
come up. And if you are playing
"Systems" games you want to pick
as random a selection of numbers
as you can. There's not much point
in picking numbers which are not
random.
By using our new Lotto Selector,
you don't have to think abm,1.t picking the numbers. Just push the
"Select" button on the side of the
Lotto Selector and lights will start
to ripple across the LED display.
First one LED, then two, then three
and so on until a pattern of six LEDs
has developed. Then the LEDs will
stop and there will be your selection of six numbers.
Fill out the numbers and press
the button to play again. After
you ' ve finished selecting the
numbers for this week's game,
there's no need to worry about turning the Lotto Selector off in order
to save the batteries. The Lotto
Selector has its own "power down"
circuit which comes into operation
about one minute after the last
play.
When it is powered down, its battery current drain is negligible, at
only a small fraction of a microamp!
Playing systems games
Our new Lotto Selector lets you.
play Systems games easily. Want to
THIS ELECTRONIC
t/POOLS SELECTOR
play a 'System 8' game? Simple,
rotate the System Select knob to 8
and then push the Select button.
The unit will then go through the
process of selecting 8 numbers instead of 6.
Or perhaps you want to go Lotto
in a big way and play a System 12
game. Simple. Rotate the System
Select button to 12 and hit the
Select button. After building up a
random pattern of 12 rapidly moving LEDs, the Lotto Selector will
stop and there will be your selection of 12 random numbers.
Lotto 40 and 44
Naturally, our Lotto Selector lets
you play the newly announced Lotto
44 games in New South Wales as
well as the standard Lotto 40
system that will probably be current for some time in other states
and in New Zealand. You can play
"6 from 36" Pools too. To select
which game you wish to play, Lotto
44 or 40 or Pools, just push the
Game Select slide switch to the
desired setting and away you go.
If you don't personally try yout
luck every week, the Lotto Selector
would make a very nice novelty gift
for one of your friends or relatives.
Presentation
As you can see from the photos,
the Lotto Selector is housed in neat
plastic case and it has two rows of
numbered LEDs running right
The Pools/Lotto Selector is built on two PC boards which are stacked together
and attached to the lid of the case. External wiring has been kept to a
minimum by mounting the two main switches on the PCBs.
across the top. For Lotto 44 games,
all 44 LEDs are involved in the
number selection. In Lotto 40, only
40 LEDs are involved and for Pools,
only 36.
Even though a total of 44 LEDs is
involved, the battery usage of the
circuit is quite modest, helped by
the fact that only a limited number
of LEDs is alight at any time, plus
the auto power down feature which
means that the circuit only stays on
for the time you are actually selecting the numbers.
Circuitry
In these days of whizbang micro-
processor circuitry, you might expect that the Lotto Selector would
be based on a one-chip micro and
no doubt it would be possible to
design a circuit along those lines.
But no, our cunning circuit is based on cheap and readily available
CMOS ICs which can be purchased
over the counter virtually anywhere.
However, while the parts may be
as cheap as dirt and available
anywhere, the circuit is cunning to
the point of downright devilment. It
contains such features as a pseudo
random binary sequence generator
(what a mouthful!), a 10 micro-
PARTS LIST
1 plastic case with plastic lid,
159 x 96 x 55mm, (Altronics
Cat. H-0151 or equivalentl
1 front panel to suit
1 PC board, code
SC08105891, 150 x 72mm
1 PC board , code
SC08105892 , 150 x 52mm
1 momentary contact
pushbutton switch
1 1-pole 12-position PCmounting rotary switch
(Jaycar Cat. SR-1 21 0 or
equivalent)
1 4-pole 3-position slide switch
(made by Taiwan Alpha)
1 12mm knob with pointer, to
suit rotary switch
1 4-way AA cell holder (DSE
Cat. P6114 , Jaycar Cat.
PH-9204 or equivalent)
1 battery snap connector
4 alkaline 1.5V AA cells
14 PC pins
2 1 5mm tapped spacers
(Altronics Cat. H-13931
4 1 0mm tapped spacers (DSE
Cat. H1832 , Altronics Cat
H-1390)
9 3mm x 9mm-long machine
screws
1 3mm x 22mm-long machine
screw
4 3mm washers
Semiconductors
9 4015B dual 4-bit shift
registers (IC1, IC6, IC?,
IC8-IC13)
1 4093B quad 2-input NANO
Schmitt gate (IC2)
1 4030B quad exclusive OR
gate (IC3)
2 4001 B quad 2-input NOR
gate (IC4 , IC5)
1 1 N914, 1 N4 148 silicon
diode (D1)
1 1 N4002 silicon diode (D2)
44 5mm red LEDs
Capacitors
1 1 00µF 16VW PC electrolytic
1 1 0µF 16VW low leakage
electrolytic
1 .018µF metallised polyester
1 .012µF metallised polyester
1 4 7pF ceramic
Resistors (¼W, 5 %)
1 6.8M0
1 1 MO
2 330k0
50
2 1 00k0
4 4 1k0
SILICON CHIP
second monostable, an RS latch,
free-running oscillators, a 12-bit
counter, a 44-bit shift register and
the power down circuit already
mentioned.
Well, all that sounds pretty complicated and so it is but as with any
complex circuit, it is made up of a
lot of circuit sections which are in
themselves fairly simple.
Now let's have a look at the circuit. You'll see that certain sections
are labelled with the circuit types
we have just mentioned. At the top
lefthand corner is the pseudo random binary sequence generator
(PRBS). This is partly responsible
for the randomness of the selected
numbers.
Next to the PRBS is the lOµs
monostable and then r.omes the RS
latch. At the top is the 12-bit
counter while along the bottom is
the 44-bit register.
Hi:wing identified some of the major sections of the circuit, let us
now get down to some of the detail
of how it works. Let's look at the
PRBS.
The PRBS
The term "psuedo random binary
sequence generator" needs explaining. A binary sequence generator is a circuit that produces
a long sequence of binary numbers.
If the sequence is reasonably long,
you can regard part of it as a sequence of "random" binary numbers. However, since the sequence
of numbers is not infinitely long, it
inevitably repeats itself which is
why we ref er to it as ''pseudo
random".
All pseudo random generators
are based on a shift register which
has feedback applied around it so
that that number fed in at the input
is constantly changing. Our PRBS is
based on a 4015 8-bit register, ICl.
Feedback around ICl is applied by
exclusive-OR gates IC3a, 3b, 3c and
3d (4030), together with NAND gate
IC2a.
The feedback circuit takes the
binary values at pins 2, 4, 5, 10 and
13 and generates new numbers to
be fed into the D-input at pin 7. The
new values are constantly shifted
through the register with each
positive-going clock transition at
pins 1 and 9. The clock signal is
generated by IC2b, a 2-input NAND
Schmitt trigger gate which is connected as an oscillator running at
about 27Hz.
The binary sequence generated
by ICl is 256 bits long. A bigger
shift register would naturally
generate a much longer sequence
but 256 bits is long enough for this
circuit.
The pseudo random output from
pin 3 of ICl is fed to a monostable
pulse generator comprising IC4c
and IC4d which are 2-input NOR
gates. This circuit generates a 10
microsecond pulse for every
negative-going transition of the
signal at pin 3 of ICl.
44-bit display register
Now let's go to the other end of
the circuit, as it were, and have a
look at the display register. This is
the part of the circuit which causes
the LEDs to move along and then
finally stop after the requisite
numbers have been selected. It involves 11 4-bit shift registers, contained in ICs 8 to 13.
Actually, ICB to IC13 contain 12
4-bit registers but only 11 are required, for Lotto 44. For Lotto 40
only 10 4-bit registers are required
while for Pools, only 9 registers are
needed. The number of registers
connected into circuit is determined by the setting of the 3-position
slide switch S3.
!Cs 8 to 13 are connected together in daisy-chain fashion so
that the last bit of each 4-bit
register connects to the D-input (D
stands for data) of the next register.
For example, the last bit of the 4th
register, pin 2 of IC9, connects to
pin 7 of IC10.
And :he 4th bit of the last
register, pin 10 of IC13, "wraps
around" to the Data input of the
first register, pin 7 of ICB, via IC5c
Fig.1: the circuit of the Lotto Selector ►
depends heavily on 4015 shift
registers. All the LEDs are driven by
a 44-bit shift register which has ls
entered into it from the pseudo
random binary sequence generator
via the latch. The number of LEDs
alight is monitored by the counter
consisting of IC6 and IC7. IC2d
provides the power down feature.
t11
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IC1
4015
03
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IC6
4015
10 15
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DA CKA CKB
1
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06 07 08
15 08
CKB CKA
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01 15
330k
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100k
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8
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IC7
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13 12 11 2
05 06 07 08
+6V
IC8
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6
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RB CKA
IC9
4015
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1
9
RB CKA CKB
T
03 04 DB 05 06 07 08
3 10 15 13 12 11 2
16
POOLS/LOTTO SELECTOR
.,.
03 04 DB 05 06 07 08
3 10 15 13 12 11 2
16
7
6
RA
14
9
RB CKA
44-BIT STATIC SHIFT REGISTER
T
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IC10
4015
DA
B05060708
01 02 03 04
5 4 3 10 15 13 12 11 2
16
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16
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IC11
4015
6
RA
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14
9
RB CKA
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+6V
AUTO POWER DOWN
100k
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~ .6.8M
16VW+
10
100 .J:
16VWJ
ON/SELECT
S2
14
13
16
14
9
RB CKA
110 113 112 111
IC12
4015
6
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8
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.--------------+-------------➔-------------~~-------------
0.12+
7•oA
+6V
+6V
PSEUDO RANDOM BINARY SEQUENCE GENERATOR
ed into the 44-bit register. Ultimately, the counter will be incremented
6 times and its output at pin 5 (IC7)
will go high. This will cut off IC5a
and the 6-LED pattern being circulated around the display register
will stop.
However, this business of loading
ls into the display register is not as
simple as that. The circuit is arranged so that a "1" can only be
loaded if no '' 1'' is already at the input, as fed back from the output.
This is accomplished by NOR gate
IC5c. If its pin 9 is high, as would
happen if the pin 10 output or IC13
is high, then no signal from the RS
flipflop gets through.
Power-down
The two hoards should he connected together and their operation checked
before they are assembled onto the lid of the case. The display hoard can he
checked separately, as described in the text.
and IC5b. These two NOR gates invert the signal twice so that, in effect, the shift register's output is
connected directly to the input.
All the clock inputs of these
register ICs, pins 1 and 9, are connected to pin 3 of IC5a. All the reset
inputs, pins 6 and 14, are connected
to the anode of Dl.
Each register output drives a LED
via a lkO resistor so that when the
respective output is high, the LED is
alight. Therefore there are 44 LEDs
which is the number required for
Lotto 44.
Now what the circuit has to do is
build up a random pattern of 6 or
more LEDs which is then circulated
around the 44-bit register. So six or
more "ls" have to be loaded into
the display register and the circuit
has to count these 1s in order t0
know when to stop the display
register circulating. The way in
which it does this is quite tricky.
2nd oscillator
An extra degree of randomness
is provided by the second oscillator,
IC2c. This is similar to IC2b but
runs at about twice the speed, at
60Hz.
The interaction of the 60Hz
52
SILICON CHIP
signal from IC2c with the lOµs
signal from the monostable (IC4c
and 4d) determines how the clock
signal is fed to the display register
via IC5a (which normally passes
signals straight through).
Note that as well as providing the
clock signal to the 44-bit register,
IC5a also drives the RS flipflop consisting of NOR gates IC4b and 4c.
The RS flipflop is toggled up and
down and its output is fed via IC5c
and 5b to the D input of ICB -(the
start of the 44-bit display register).
Still with us? Good.
Note that while one input of the
RS flipflop (pin 1 of IC4a) comes
from IC5a, the other input, pin 6 of
IC4b, comes from the lOµs
monostable; ie, pin 11 of IC4d. So
the RS flipflop is synchronised to
the 60Hz oscillator and occasionally passes a lOµs pulse through, to
ultimately become a "1" fed to the
44-bit register.
When the RS flipflop lets through
a lOµs pulse, the 12-bit counter
comprised of IC6 and IC7 is incremented by one.
Supposing that the game being
played is standard Lotto 44 (ie, 6
from 44 ), the counter will be incremented every time a "1" is load-
As noted previously, the circuit
has no on-off switch but incorporates an automatic "power
down" feature. This makes use of
the feature that CMOS ICs use
negligible power if their outputs are
unloaded and they are not changing
state. Therefore the Lotto Selector
has the battery permanently connected to all ICs. The power-down
feature is provided by IC2d and
associated diodes, Dl and D2.
When the Select switch S2 is
pressed, the lOµF capacitor at pin
12 of IC2d is charged to almost
+ 6V via diode D2. A line from this
capacitor also goes to pin 6 of IC2b
and pin 9 of IC2c so these two
oscillators can now start running.
As well, switch S2 is connected to
the reset pins of IC6 and IC7 so that
the counter is reset to zero.
At the same time, all the reset
pins of the 44-bit display register
(pins 6 and 14 of ICs 8 to 13) are all
taken high via diode Dl.
So the act of pushing S2 sets the
whole circuit into operation. The
voltage on the lOµF capacitor stays
high for long enough for the number
selection process to go though the
whole cycle (even if 12 numbers
have to be selected) and then let the
LEDs stay illuminated for about one
minute.
After this time, the voltage
across the lOµF capacitor falls to
the lower threshold of IC2d and its
output at pin 11 then goes high. This
output is connected to the reset line
for the 44-bit register via a lOOkO
resistor. This resets the display
+ ~ BATTERY
S~
,._,~
Fig.2: the Lotto Selector is built onto
two boards, the larger one being the
display board carrying the 44-bit
register. The other board carries the
remaining circuitry. After assembly
and checking the two hoards are
stacked together on the case lid.
0
CAPACITORS
□
□
□
Value
0 .18µF
0.12µF
47pF
IEC
180n
120n
47p
f.lA
184K
124K
47K
RESISTORS
□
□
□
□
□
1
1
2
2
44
Value
6.8Mf2
1 MO
330kf2
1 OOkfl
1 kO
4-Band Code
blue grey green gold
brown black green gold
orange orange yellow gold
brown black yellow gold
brown black red gold
register so that all its outputs go
low and all LEDs are extinguished.
At the same time the enable line
to the two oscillators (pin 6 of IC2b
and pin 9 of IC2c) will have gone
low and so these two oscillators will
stop operating. This means that
none of the CMOS stages will be
changing state and the quiescent
current of the circuit will be extremely low . In fact, the leakage
current through the lOOµF bypass
capacitor across the battery is likely to be higher than the current
drawn by the CMOS ICs.
Note that connecting the reset
line from pin 11 of IC2d to the
5-Band Code
blue grey black yellow brown
brown black black yellow brown
orange orange black orange brown
brown black black orange brown
brown black black brown brown
display register via a lOOkO
resistor is a little odd. The more
conventional way of doing it would
have been to connect the line direct
from pin 11 to the reset pins and
then have a lOOkn pull-down
resistor to ensure that the reset line
was definitely low when it was supposed to be.
However, usmg that arrangement
would have meant that the lOOkO
resistor would have the full supply
voltage across it when the reset line
was high fas it is in the power down
condition). This is undesirable as it
results in a fixed current of 60
microamps. So we have connected
the resistor as shown to give zero
current in the reset condition.
Battery options
Our circuit is shown powered at
6V from four 1.5V AA cells. When
the display is stationary, the current drain varies from about 27 to
55 milliamps, depending on the
number of LEDs alight.
If you use high brightness LEDs
instead of the conventional types
we specified, you can change the
LED resistors to 2.2kn. This will
more than double the battery life.
Either way, you should use alkaline
cells for best battery life.
MAY1989
53
The counter board is attached to the back of the display board and retained by the nut of the rotary switch at the
lefthand end and by a long machine screw through the tapped spacer at the righthand end, as shown here.
Construction
Here the Lotto Selector has been set for a System 10 game in which 10 LEDs
are alight. The selected game is Lotto 44 - note the setting of the slide
switch. Current drain is proportional to the number of LEDs alight but the
circuit powers down after about one minute to conserve the batteries.
54
SILICON CHIP
The Lotto Selector circuitry is accommodated on two printed circuit
boards. The larger of the two,
measuring 150 x 72mm and coded
SC08105892, is for the display
board. It accommodates the 44
LEDs, their series resistors, and the
six 4015 ICs. The other board,
which we 'll refer to as the counter
board, measures 150 x 52mm (code
SC08105891) and takes the rest of
the circuitry, including the rotary
switch.
The first step in construction is to
carefully examine both boards for
any faults in etching, shorts between tracks or pads and open circuits (breaks) in tracks. This done,
identify the + 6V and 0V tracks and
check with your multimeter (switched to an ohms range) that these
tracks are not shorted.
Step 1: insert and solder the PC
pins in both boards. A total of 14
pins is required and as they are a
tight fit you'll need a small hammer .
to put them in. You can also install
the tinned copper wire links at this
stage. One of the links on the
counter board follows a circuitous
route so it needs to be made of insulated hookup wire.
Step 2: insert and solder the
resistors on both boards. We have
listed all the resistor values and
their colour codes below the board
wiring diagrams.
The idea is to do all the resistors
of one value first , starting from the
top and working down. As you install all the resistors of each value,
tick the square box.
Be sure to install the resistors so
that their colour codes all run in the
same direction across the boards or
down the boards. This makes it
much easier to check that all
resistors are of the correct value.
Step 3: insert and solder the two
diodes and the five capacitors. Dl
is a small signal diode, type 1N914
or 1N4148. Make sure the band at
one end matches that on the
diagram.
D2 is a larger diode (because it
has to pass the brief but heavy
charging current for the 10µ,F
capacitor) and it should be installed
so that its cathode band is closest to
IC1.
The 100µ,F capacitor is mounted
on the display board. Make sure its
polarity is correct. The same goes
for the 101-tF electrolytic on the
other board.
The three other capacitors are
listed next to the wiring diagram,
together with their alternative
markings in the IEC and EIA codes.
Step 4: install and solder the integrated circuits. Make sure that
pin 1 of each IC (near the dimple or
notch in the IC package) corresponds to the same orientation
as shown on the wiring diagram
(Fig.2). We soldered all ICs directly
into circuit but there is nothing to
stop you from fitting IC sockets they do make it delightfully easy to
change an IC if you have to do so.
Step 5: fit and solder the LEDs.
They should all be soldered so that
they stand up above the display
board by the same amount.
One way to do this is to insert all
the LEDs into the board and bend
the leads slightly so that they don't
fall out again. This done, place two
~
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Fig.3: here is an actual size artwork for the front panel.
pieces of 15mm-thick timber on
your workbench to act as board
supports.
Place the board on these timber
supports so that the LEDs fall
through and are supported on the
bench surface. Solder the LEDs and
then check to see that they are all in
line and at the same level.
Step 6: insert and solder the switches. Slider switch S3 , on the
display board, is easy enough to fit ,
as it will only go in one way. The
same applies to the rotary switch
S1, on the counter board. However,
before fitting the rotary switch you
should set it so that it only provides
6 .positions. You can do this by
removing the fixing nut and washer
and lifting out the indexing ring and
then repositioning so that the tab
goes in hole 6. The switch should
now provide 6 positions.
The shaft of the switch should be
cut to about 17mm long. Do this
before you solder the switch onto
the board.
When inserting the rotary switch
into the counter board do not force
it. If the PC holes are not quite big
enough, they should be drilled out
to the right size (1/16in or 1.5mm). If
you try to force these switches in
and then solder them, they can be
unreliable.
Step 7: carefully inspect your
MAY1989
55
The final step in the assembly is to stack the two printed hoards together on the lid of the case.
Fig.4: above are the actual size artworks for the two printed hoards.
56
SILICON CHIP
work and compare the completed
boards against the wiring diagram
[Fig.2). Do not interconnect the
boards at this stage.
Preparing the case
Use the self-adhesive label as a
drilling template for the case lid.
Don't fix it to the lid at this stage;
just line it up on the lid and use a
spike to push through it and mark
the centre points for the holes. Take
care that all the LED holes line up
because this will have a big effect
on the overall appearance.
Don't drill the holes oversize. If
you are using 5mm LEDs, the hole
size for a snug fit is about 4.5mm.
We suggest you use a 4mm or
11/64-inch drill and then use a
tapered reamer or rat-tail file to
enlarge the holes to the correct
size. You can check the fit of the
LEDs in the lid by using the counter
board assembly. Do the LEDs all
line up nicely? Good. If not, now is
the time to make adjustments.
Use the counter board as a
template for its four mounting holes
on the lid. You will also need to drill
a hole in the case for the Select
pushbutton, SZ.
Step 8: fix the label to the lid of
the case. Future kits may come with
the lid already silk screened so this
step may not be necessary.
Step 9: check the operation of the
counter board. To do this you need
to connect the plus ( + ) and minus
( - ) lines to the battery or to a
power supply of between 3 and 9V
DC. Then there are the Data in and
Data out, Reset and Clock lines to
manipulate.
Connect the Reset line [the arrow
marked '3' near ICl 1 on the display
board diagram) low for normal
operation. Connect it high to extinguish all LEDs.
Connect the Data line (the arrow
marked '5' near ICB on the display
board diagram) high (ie, the + 6V
line) to feed 1 's in. You can then
clock them along manually by taking the clock line [the arrow marked
'4' on the display board) alternately
high and low.
Check that the Game Select slid·e
switch works correctly. In the Lotto
40 mode, LEDs 41 to 44 should
never light. In the Pools mode, LEDs
37 to 44 should never light.
The Pools/Lotto Selector is powered by four AA cells housed in a snap-in
holder. The holder can he retained using double-sided tape.
To start the Lotto Selector running,
you just push the Select button on the
end of the case. A random pattern of
LEDs then starts to build up one by
one as they move across the display.
The unit turns off automatically.
Check that taking the Reset line
high extinguishes the LEDs. Tha t
done and the display board can be
pronounced a goer.
Step 10: interconnect the two
boards and check that the whole
circuit operates as it should. If you
find problems, remember that the
most common problem with a circuit of this sort is solder shorts between tracks or IC pads. Carefully
examine the boards for these faults
and for missed or poor solder joints.
Step '11: mount the two boards on
the lid of the case. The counter
board first has to be attached to the
display board. Attach two 15mm
tapped spacers to the counter
board. The spacer nearest the
rotary switch is retained with a
9mm machine screw while the
other is retained with a 22mm
screw.
The counter board is then attached to the display board. At one end
it is retained by the nut on the
rotary switch. At the other end it is
retained by a 10mm tapped spacer
over the 22mm machine screw.
That done, you need to fit three
more tapped 10mm spacers to the
display board. The whole assembly
can then be fitted to the lid of the
case and retained with four 9mmlong screws.
Step 12: fit pushbutton SZ and
the battery holder to the case. Connect the battery snap and you are
in business.
Now you can go Lotto as often
you want.
~
MAY l9RQ
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