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Building the ULTIMATE In the days of iPods, MP3 players and all manner of fit-inyour-pocket, “music on the go” devices, why on earth would anyone want to build a freestanding jukebox – which, by definition, is almost a piece of furniture? T hat, Little Adam, is not just another story: it’s the whole story! Apart from the “theft-ability” of small music devices (and that is rife!), there are times when they just don’t cut it. For instance, at a party where guests want to choose which tracks they want to hear next. Ummm . . . that sounds like a jukebox (in the old style!). The word “jukebox” certainly evokes different things to different people, depending, to a large extent, on their age. For those of us fortunate(?) enough to be around in the swinging ’60s (and earlier), it conjures up images of a mighty Wurlitzer; a large, almost art-deco device with lots of chrome and flashing coloured lights, pushbuttons and of course the coin slot to eat your money. In the middle, a mechanical monstrosity selected 45RPM or even 78RPM records (remember them?) from a revolving platter or stack, according to the buttons pressed, placed them on the turntable then dropped (literally!) the pickup arm onto the surface . . . and they played that track (for your two bob [two shillings, or 20c]). You can still find jukeboxes of this type in old-style cafes and the like and in most cases, they still work after all these years. Of course, 45 and 78RPM records have long since gone the way of the Dodo but many now operate with CDs in exactly the same way. Well, maybe not exactly but close enough. Speaking of CDs, that’s what most of today’s teens and 20-somethings have only ever known. Sure, they’ve seen LP records in garage sales and bargain stores. Some might Sorry to disappoint but this is NOT the jukebox we are describing. This is one of those beautiful old Wurlitzers, in this case an 1100 – as we say, all lights and chrome. This one plays 78RPM recordings – you can clearly see the changing mechanism and the stack of discs through the glass. 8  Silicon Chip siliconchip.com.au JUKEBOX Part 1 Article by Ross Tester Software by Tony Murphy have even seen 45s and 78s. But very few would have a turntable to play them on! And their idea of a jukebox is a device which may or may not have the flashing lights – but it still has a coin slot (invariably these days costing you a couple of dollars!) and (usually) pushbutton track selectors. Many of these jukeboxes don’t have any mechanical section showing – often because there isn’t one. If actual CDs are used at all (and that is diminishing), they are part of a CD stacker which may work much like the old style record selectors – but you don’t normally see it. The reason the use of CDs is diminishing brings us to the project we are presenting here. When it was realised that CDs could be stored on a hard disk drive, many people started putting their entire CD collections into their PCs. Particularly in more recent years as the cost of storage became cheaper and cheaper, it became a viable option. CDs could be stored away for safekeeping – no more scratches (or lost CDs!). The next step in the evolution was to still save the CD onto the hard disk but save it in MP3 format (yes, there are many others but MP3 is far and away the most popular and has become the de-facto “standard”). While MP3 recordings are technically inferior to their CD equivalents, the vast majority of people couldn’t tell the difference, especially when belting out party music with everyone shouting to be heard over the din! Today, most commercial jukeboxes are little more than siliconchip.com.au a computer with a big hard disk drive (on which is stored all the tracks), an amplifier and speaker, plus a coin slot mechanism which still eats your money. Some types have stuck with the “old fashioned” pushbutton track selection; more up-market models have on-screen selection, sometimes with a touch screen to do just about everything. The jukeboxes you hire for a party are typically of these types – usually, however, with no coin mechanism. You just select your track and it plays. Being computer based, you can program as many tracks forward as the software will allow, or if you are a real masochist you might get the one track to repeat over and over . . . Our jukebox The last few paragraphs very nicely describe the SILICON CHIP Ultimate Jukebox. It is, effectively, a conglomeration of ideas. There is no rocket science about it – we just show you which bits you need and how to put them together to make sense – and sound great! Let’s have a look at those “bits”. The computer Our original intention was to press an old Pentium computer system into service. Like most people/organiDecember 2005  9 The IBM Thinkpad R40e is a perfectly respectable “budget” notebook, even if lacking a few of the latest niceties. But it makes a perfect candidate for use in our Ultimate Jukebox. Here it is running the Ultimate Jukebox software, albeit with not much in the way of music yet loaded. All the controls users need, even volume, are accessible on screen. IBM notebook pic sations, we have to regularly update our PCs to be able to use the latest software, leaving us several old (but still working) PCs languising in cupboards. Monitors, too have been updated. There’s nothing wrong with using an old PC from an operating point of view – or especially cost – but then a couple of factors changed our mind. First was weight – the jukebox housing (effectively a speaker box with add-ons) was going to be quite heavy anyway. We deliberately made it that way to handle the rigours of party use. When you add the weight of an old desktop PC and an old CRT monitor to the weight of the jukebox/amplifier/ speaker/power supply/etc, it simply came in too high. We wanted it to be heavy duty, not back-breaking heavy and almost immovable. Even substituting an LCD for the CRT monitor was not a satisfactory answer (and that’s apart from the LCD cost). Second was the price of second-hand notebooks. With new, high-performing notebooks dropping all the time (see the article in June 2005 SILICON CHIP), the second-hand notebook market has also taken a dive. It’s not hard to pick up a perfectly good Pentium II or III for $250, if not less. It doesn’t have to have a large hard disk because we can easily overcome that hurdle. Just as long as it has an inbuilt sound card (just about all do) and a USB port or two available (most Pentiums do), it should be fine. In fact, we could go even lower in the food chain and 10  Silicon Chip say just about any Pentium-level (ie, including AMD, etc equivalents) computer would be satisfactory. You don’t need a high-performing machine to play music! The amplifier The amplifier needs to have enough “oomph” for the purpose (it is a jukebox, after all). But how much is enough? That depends a lot on the usage to which you want to put your Ultimate Jukebox. If you’re looking to fill a large hall with deafening sound levels, you’re probably looking for at least a couple of hundred watts. Conversely, to use in a small area, you might get away with ten or twenty watts. Speaker sensitivity also makes a lot of difference here. Naturally, higher power costs more, especially when it comes to the amplifier power supply. High wattage means high-voltage supplies; high-voltage supplies mean expensive high-voltage filter capacitors. In the interests of economy, we went for a compromise and chose an existing (and cheap!) SILICON CHIP amplifier module, the SC480. This offers more than 100W music power into 4W (and it’s music power we’re most interested in for a jukebox). Just as importantly, it’s easy to build, easy to get going, stable, reliable . . . all those things you need in a jukebox. And its power supply, with ±40V rails, won’t put more than a mild load on the bank. Of course, if you MUST have more power, you could substitute just about any other module providing it would fit (or you modify the box to allow it to fit – and don’t forget siliconchip.com.au Using Copyrighted Music – and the Ultimate Jukebox F rom the outset, we want to make one thing perfectly clear: we do not condone piracy nor the breaking of copyright – and that includes the public performance/playing of copyrighted music. Having said that, we are the first to acknowledge that the copyright laws in Australia, particularly when it comes to music, leave a lot to be desired. There are so many “blind eyes” turned to what is certainly copyright infringement that we’re surprised that the music industry doesn’t have white canes issued as standard equipment. Copy your own CDs? Not in Oz, you can’t! We’re not lawyers – but from our interpretation of Australian copyright law, notably the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), if you buy a CD and then copy some or all of it to your (or anyone else’s) hard drive, portable MP3 player, another CD, or to anything else, you are breaking the law – regardless of whether it is done in digital or analog format. We’ve heard people claim that recording via a microphone in front of a speaker gets around copyright. It doesn’t: that’s like saying the person sitting up the back of a movie theatre with a camcorder, making a pirate copy, isn’t breaking copyright! It all comes under much the same rules as downloading music from the ’net. You need the copyright owner’s permission first. Usually, prosecutions under the Copyright Act are a civil action by the aggrieved parties but if you copy for gain or profit (especially reselling), it becomes a criminal offence, liable to a $60,500 fine/five years jail for an individual or $302,500 fine for a corporation – for each infringement! Copy 100 tracks and theoretically you, personally, could be up for six million in fines and 500 years in jail! In some countries, notably the Land of the Free, you can make copies for your own use, whether to archive the original and therefore protect it from damage, or to make it more convenient (eg, an IPod/MP3 player, etc). Not so in Australia. Despite what governments often claim, our copyright law languishes far, far behind technology (one might say about 37 years behind!). siliconchip.com.au When the law was written (1968), CDs were virtually unheard of. Digital audio was unheard of. LPs ruled! The Government tried to appease the recording industry by introducing a levy on cassette tapes, because everyone knew that they were being used to copy records – but the High Court ruled this levy illegal! And that’s pretty much the way it has stayed ever since. Incidentally, copying CDs isn’t the only illegality. With rare exceptions, you cannot legally copy the music on an LP record or cassette onto a CD. “But everyone does it . . .” A major difficulty arises because so many people do it. Let’s face it: SILICON CHIP has published several RIAA preamplifiers and of course our famous “LP Doctor” which could allow turntables to be used with computers as well as amplifiers – the LP Doctor fixing up much of the LP’s scratches and noise into the bargain! (Ref SILICON CHIP, Jan/Feb 2001). And I must admit to being intimately acquainted with someone who has transferred some old (and now unavailable) favourite LP records onto CDs. I and tens of thousands of people! If “just about everyone” copies their own music (regardless of the source) onto CDs or other formats, it must be OK, right? No it’s not, according to the letter of the law. But unless you are doing it on a large scale and even more particularly if you are doing it as a business or for profit/gain, the likelihood of you ever being hauled up before a magistrate is pretty remote. Not impossible, as it is strictly speaking illegal, but remote. Perhaps the most easy-to-understand reference for all of this is the Australian Copyright Council’s fact sheet, downloadable from www.copyright.org. au/pdf/acc/InfoSheets/G070.pdf. But don’t photocopy it – that’s a breach of copyright! (Hey, they even warn you.) Needless to say, this fact sheet doesn’t make any mention of the preceding couple of paragraphs – they’re mine, from a very much “off-the-record” chat with someone in the industry “who should know” (let’s just leave it at that!). Public performance of copyrighted music Here’s where the muddy waters clear somewhat. The vast majority of public performances of copyrighted music without permission of the copyright owner certainly breach copyright. The copyright people are much more likely to prosecute for this than for personal use – especially if it is commercial and/ or ongoing and/or large scale. And it can be a criminal, not a civil, prosectution. So, for example, if you wanted to build the SILICON CHIP Jukebox and use it for dance parties, function centres, discos, pubs/clubs, etc, you might be on thin ice. (Ref APRA Ltd v Metro on George Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1123 (31 August 2004). Even if only doing it for a hobby (ie, not for gain or profit, as the case above clearly was for), the very fact that it is in a public place could get you into hot water, especially if on-going I once heard of a situation where privately-owned records were being used for dance music at a wedding in a public hall. One of the guests just happened to be a copyright inspector. He didn’t try to shut it down but he made sure the roped-in relative who was playing amateur DJ, using just his own turntable and stereo amplifier, knew he was breaking the law. Petty? Yes. Sort-of like a parking cop booking his mother’s car for a minute over. . . Get a licence! There is a way around it: you can buy various forms of licences from a variety of organisations (depending on the music’s source and/or the usage). Licences for various purposes are available and they vary in price – some are not cheap! The same licence rules apply to the commercial juke boxes which you might have seen for hire or even to buy. Again, they’re not cheap – and it tends to be the licence fees which adds significantly to the price tag! For more information, there’s a good reference to the organisations who issue licences on behalf of publishers, artists, etc, at www.caslon.com.au/ colsocietiesprofile2.htm Finally, neither SILICON CHIP nor Ultimate Jukebox/Tony Murphy can become involved in any correspondence regarding copyright or licencing. Take it up with the experts! December 2005  11 Here’s the trackball we picked up on eBay for less than $10 – if you’re patient, you’re sure to find similar items being offered from time to time (we only waited about two weeks before this came up). The alternative would be to use an optical mouse – they’re very cheap these days and don’t clog up like the old ball meeces did! the supply and transformer) and you didn’t overdrive the speakers. That’s unlikely, with the ones we’ve chosen! If you have a spare high-power amplifier module and power supply lying around, go for it! The speakers We asked Altronic Distributors to help us out here, telling them what we wanted to do and asking them for their ideal choice. In the interests of performance, they recommended one of their C-3212 300mm woofers, a C-6110 compression tweeter driver and a C6130 horn, along with a C-4007 2-way crossover. This is not a cheap combination. The woofer is a beauty, with 44Hz to 5.5kHz response and 97dB sensitivity (around 3-5dB more sensitive than most typical 300mm speakers – which means you need less power to drive it). But it sells for $179 on its own, so the speaker drivers and crossover will set you back nearly $280 – and that’s before you start building the enclosure or add the amplifier and computer. This woofer is also rated significantly higher that our amplifier dictates, at 400W (max), so if on cost grounds you had to, you could substitute a less rugged, lower performing speaker with commensurate savings. The software Software can make or break a jukebox. If you Google “jukebox software” you will get about 190,000 hits (yeah, we tried it). There is some very good jukebox software out there and of course there is some that is, well. . . It was while I was Googling my way through the various offerings that I came across one called “Ultimate Jukebox”. (http://ultimatejukebox.murphnet.net). At first glance, it looked pretty good – and more importantly, it wasn’t very expensive (in fact, the trial version is free). The more I looked into it, the better it looked – it had some really attractive features which exactly suited the type of jukebox that I had in mind. Prices quoted were in $US so I assumed it, like most of the other software, was out of the USA. So you can imagine my surprise when I found that it wasn’t a Yanqui product at all: it was in fact written right here in Oz (Brisbane, to be precise). 12  Silicon Chip I emailed the author, Tony Murphy, and told him about this project idea that I had, using his software (why reinvent wheels?) and a computer system and amplifer, put together in a freestanding jukebox unit. Tony was very enthusiastic about the idea and even if it has taken many months to come to fruition, the marriage of his software and the various bits and pieces we’ve assembled together makes for one fine jukebox, even if I do say so myself. He’s obviously put a lot of thought into Ultimate Jukebox because it does just about everything you could want a jukebox to do, and makes it easy. I particularly liked features such as the “full screen” mode which not only turns the whole PC screen into the jukebox, it also removes any Windows-type imagery and can also give password protection, keyboard lockout and much more.That stops fiddlers from fiddling! We’ll have a much more detailed look at Ultimate Jukebox shortly because it really is the heart and soul of the system. I mentioned earlier a free “trial” version of Ultimate Jukebox which you can download yourself and play with to your heart’s content – well, for 30 days, anyway. (http:// ultimatejukebox.murphnet.net/download.htm). It has a 300 file maximum but that’s plenty of time/tracks to convince you just how good this is! Don’t want to build a jukebox? Not everyone wants – or needs – a jukebox. But we hope that the information we’re giving here might whet the appetites of anyone with a large music collection who wishes to organise it! You can of course use the Ultimate Jukebox software with your PC, sound card and amplifier/speakers, along with your own CDs or MP3s (just make sure you have plenty of room on your hard disk or get an external one). It’s also ideal for home theatre systems, so if you’ve been looking for the right software, you could do a lot worse – and pay a whole lot more! The price to register and unlock the software is just $US14.95 (about $AU20 at press time) for home/noncommercial use or $US49.95 for commercial users. Note that this doesn’t give you any rights to use copyrighted music – it gives you the right to use the Ultimate Jukebox software. What you do then is up to you. We’ve covered this thorny subject in a separate panel – Using Copyright Music. Controlling it We agonised over this for a long time. In the end, our decision was made to a large extent by the software’s capabilities. One thing you do not want in a “real” jukebox, for at least two reasons, is a keyboard and/or mouse. The most obvious reason is that when there is a keyboard, someone who “knows all about computers” will want to play with it to prove what a genius they are. In the process, you could lose the setup, maybe the music collection, perhaps even the entire hard disk contents. Stretching a bow a bit far? We’re speaking from experience! You might be surprised how some people with a little knowledge become dangerous things, still with little knowledge, when they’ve had a few drinks too many. The second reason is those few drinks too many. No matter siliconchip.com.au how careful you are, no matter how much you protect your keyboard, eventually someone is going to “oops, sorry” and fill your keyboard full of Carlton and United’s best. Or perhaps worse, Coke, even diluted with Scotch or Bourborn;it just loves copper tracks on PC boards. The best way to avoid this is to not have a keyboard – at least, not an accessible one. With a notebook computer, the “works” can be buried within the jukebox with just the screen emerging. That’s the path we have taken with our Ultimate Jukebox. It’s not perfect but it will avoid most spills, especially with a couple of seals and drip paths. So how do you set it up, enter passwords, etc if it doesn’t have a keyboard, or at least an accessible one? One of two ways: one, you can plug in an external keyboard to 99.99% of notebooks. If it doesn’t have a mini-DIN keyboard socket, you can use a USB keyboard. To achieve this, you can easily connect a keyboard extension cable to the notebook and bring it out to an “oosoom” socket, say, on the back of the jukebox. What’s an “oosoom” socket? Out of sight, out of mind... The second way is even more secure. Once you know how, the Ultimate Jukebox software will place a “glass” keyboard on the screen. You select the letters you want via a mouse and bingo – you’ve typed in what you want. Most of the time this keyboard is hidden – you only bring it up when you need it (if you know how!). What mouse? Didn’t we say a moment ago that we didn’t want a mouse either? We did say that – but you do need something to control the system, for users to make their track selections, and so on. A modern mouse, especially one of the optical variety, is fairly immune from those “oopses”. But it’s not ideal because anything on a cord is likely to be damaged, if only through over-zealous handling. We went one better and installed a trackball. Basically, a trackball is like an upside-down mouse – you roll the ball instead of rolling the mouse. While (at least in our case) it is larger than a mouse, the advantage is that it takes up less overall space when being used. The one we used is not impervious to spills but it is reasonable, nevertheless. You can buy trackballs which are completely unaffected by a dunking but they are rather expensive ($150 and more). Where do you get a trackball? They pop up quite regularly on our old friend eBay – in fact, that’s where we got ours from, for the princely sum of eight dollars. While it was described as “NIB” (new in box), it wasn’t exactly new – in fact, it was a never-been-used 1996 Radio Shack serial model. But with a beaut 40mm ball, it made control real smooth! The major stumbling block was that it was serial and many modern notebooks, mine included, don’t have serial ports. That problem was solved with a USB to serial adaptor – around $15.00 on eBay (inc postage). If you can’t find one, try the alternative spelling – adapter. You might simply wish to use an optical mouse. They are very cheap and easily replaced (and obviously won’t need any adaptor). If I had my druthers . . . In an ideal world, I wouldn’t use a trackball or a mouse. I’d use a touchscreen – and the Ultimate Jukebox software is designed to handle one of those, if you have one. siliconchip.com.au If your computer’s hard disk is a little small, or even if you would rather keep all your music on a separate drive, here’s an elegant solution: a USB hard drive. Inside the case is a 20GB drive but it could be much larger. 20GB is enough for the best part of thirty CDs in native format; many more if you MP3 them. You can often find drives like this for around $1-$2 per GB (sometimes even less) on eBay. Note, though, our comments on recording your own CDs onto your own hard drive. Everyone does it, but . . . I’ve often seen them selling for $250-$350 or so but that was just a little too rich for my tastes. There are even now several notebook computers with touchscreens which would really be the (expensive) icing on the cake! It’s up to you. OK, so where are we? We have the notebook computer, complete with screen. We have a trackball (or mouse) to control it. We already have (at least the trial version of) Ultimate Jukebox software loaded and operating. We’ve decided to use a relatively low-power amplifier; we have the speakers ready to go in the box. Aaaah, the box! It’s not good enough to simply take a guess and throw together a speaker enclosure. Every speaker (or speaker set) is designed to operate within certain parameters. Not the least of those is the size and type of enclosure. Fortunately, we knew all the required specifications of the woofer (which is the more important component when it comes to enclosure design) and fed them into a program called “Bass Box”. It calculates the volume and port size required – all we need do is make up an aesthetically pleasing enclosure using the figures provided. But this is a jukebox – there’s a bit more to it than just an enclosure. We also needed to make allowances for the amplifier and power supply at the bottom, and a method of mounting the notebook computer at the top. The SILICON CHIP Ultimate Jukebox is the result. One thing we didn’t want to end up with was a speaker box with bits tacked on – it needed to look as if it was all designed as one piece. We think we’ve achieved just that – but of course, there is more than one way to skin a cat. Next month, we’ll show you our design, describe how to build it and then put together the complete system. Before then, you might like to start looking at your options – the amplifer, speakers, PC and so on. December 2005  13 What’s so good about ULTIMATE Jukebox? U nlike many of the jukebox offerings around (and there are MANY!), Ultimate Jukebox not only offers an amazing range of features, it’s easy to use, it suits our purposes perfectly . . . and it’s cheap! As we mentioned in the main article, you can download a trial version (30-day limit) of Ultimate Jukebox from http://ultimatejukebox.murphnet.net/download.htm – so you can see for yourself that it’s all we say it is without costing you a cent! (Oh, OK purists, we know you have to pay for your downloads one way or another. . .) Ultimate Jukebox can handle MP3, OGG, WMA, M4A and WAV formats but best of all, automatically recognises them – all you have to do is load a CD or even multiple CDs if you have multiple drives and Ultimate Jukebox will seamlessly merge the contents with the other music files you have already loaded (this feature requires the registered version). The free version is limited to 300 files but the registered version can handle tens of thousands of files – at least 2000 This is similar to the screen at left but it’s in maximised mode – note how some of the top-of-screen Windows-type control information has gone – perfect for parties! Winamp is also available as a free download from the net (www.nullsoft.com). It has a “pro” version (ie, pay for!) but you don’t need that to run Ultimate Jukebox – the free version is just fine. The latest version is V5.11. One of the things that is most attractive for our purpose is Ultimate Jukebox’s “Party Mode” – not only does this hide the keyboard, it gives you total control over what users have access to – including the tracks. If you happen to be into Rodney Rude or Kevin Bloody Wilson and you know maiden aunt Matilda might be offended, you can make them disappear while she’s there! It also has a full screen mode, taking over the entire monitor. One advantage of this is large type so your eyes aren’t strained. Of course, if you want to, you can run Ultimate Jukebox in a smaller window. As you can see from this screen grab, Ultimate Jukebox gives you an immense amount of information on screen and is extremely flexible in its manipulation. full CDs worth – so you aren’t likely to run out of music in this decade (century?). And adding more is, as we said, extremely simple. It will read the TAG information from your media files to give the most accurate display information. But if you haven’t tagged your files, it can be configured to read title, artist, album, track number and genre from filenames. You can also display album covers if you have the graphics. Ultimate Jukebox uses Winamp (V2.8+ or V5.x [but not V3]) for playback. This means that you get full access to Winamp’s plugin system for input, output and DSP plugins and use your Winamp visuals too. This also means that if you can run Winamp on your system, then you can run Ultimate Jukebox. Your old Pentium 1 should do just nicely! 14  Silicon Chip Ultimate Jukebox makes it easy to scan any or all of the drives (of whatever type) and directories in your system. You have the choice of keeping what it finds or not. siliconchip.com.au Ultimate Jukebox in Ultimate Stacker mode: it becomes a virtual CD stacker with enough music to last forever. It’s also great for home theatre systems, not just for jukeboxes! Want to customise Ultimate Jukebox’s appearance? You get full control over colours, fonts and skins. Ultimate Jukebox Overview This overview is just that: an overview. But it will give some idea of the flexibility and power of this program. The main window lists There are three lists in the main window: the Jukebox List, the Track List and the Queue Display List. The Jukebox List presents a list of all the Tracks, Artists, Albums, Compilation Albums and Genres that are found in the TAG information of your files. Once you click on an artist, a list of their songs will be displayed in the Track List. You can now highlight the track(s) that you want to hear and add them to the queue. Ultimate Jukebox keeps several internal play lists to give you maximum flexibility for song selection: 1. The Ultimate Stacker: The stacker was designed to be a simple implementation of a CD stacker. You can add Albums & Playlists into it easily so that you can hear the music you want to hear. This makes it easy to listen to your latest music. You can even remove tracks from these virtual CDs if you don’t want to hear all of them. 4. Playlist Collection: The Jukebox and Track Lists: This is the list of all songs that Ultimate Jukebox finds in your Scan Folders and on your CD drives. It is displayed in a treeview for intuitive use, making it much easier to locate your favorite tunes than searching through a list of thousands of files! 2. 3. The Queue: Songs in the Queue are played before any other songs and are only played from other lists if the Queue is empty. siliconchip.com.au Ultimate Jukebox can have multiples playlists preloaded and set active at any time. As an example, Ultimate Jukebox might be used at a wedding. It can play songs at random during the reception then set your pre-loaded bridal waltz and dance list to active. You can then set a “Time to Leave” list to activate while the bride & groom are saying their goodbyes and once they’re gone, set the dance list back to active (it can be configured to start where it left off). That’s just one example – there are plenty more. SC December 2005  15